Cattle manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application effects on soil hydraulic properties and maize yield of two soils of Murewa district,Zimbabwe

This study set out to determine the effects of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer application on the hydraulic properties and maize yield of a clay and sandy soil in a smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe. Four fields classified as homefields (HF: more fertile and closer to homesteads) and outfields (OF: less fertile and further from the homesteads) were selected on clay and sandy soil. They were subjected to four treatments, control (no fertility amendment), 5, 15 and 25 t/ha cattle manure + 100 kg/ha N (as ammonium nitrate) for 7 years. A two‐way randomized complete block design was used with fertility and field type as the two factors. Clay soil hydraulic properties, which included density of macropores with a diameter >300 μm, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, steady‐state infiltration rate, moisture retention under low suction and maize grain yield, were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by fertility management compared with the control and were generally comparable between the HF and OF. Fertility management significantly improved maize grain yield on sandy soils but did not enhance hydraulic parameters, thereby indicating poor responsiveness in structural build‐up. On the other hand, significantly different hydraulic parameters between the sandy soil HF and OF suggested effects of other factors not related to soil fertility and field type treatments. We therefore concluded that application of a high rate (25 t/ha) of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer is beneficial for fertility restoration to the degraded OFs with associated comparable hydraulic properties on HFs and OFs on clay soil, unlike on sandy soil.     

鸡粪饲料资源开发利用现状

经济的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,直接推动了养鸡业的发展。养鸡业的繁荣为人们提供了丰富的蛋肉产品,同时也产生了大量的废弃物,如鸡粪、垫料等,这些废弃物对生态环境造成了严重的影响。文章主要对鸡粪饲料资源开发利用现状进行论述。     

基于正交试验的花生种养结合栽培方式研究

种养结合是农业循环经济发展的重要措施之一。通过正交试验设计,分析了不同种植密度、复合肥用量、腐熟干粪用量对花生生长发育及产量的影响。分析结果表明:1)三因素中高钾复合肥用量对花生的生长发育及产量影响最大。2)13-10-20高钾复合肥用量为300kg/hm2的处理组合普遍表现出植株较高、分枝数较多、单株结果数多等特点。3)产量分析结果显示:最优处理组合为种植密度120 000穴/hm2、高钾复合肥300kg/hm2、腐熟干粪30kg/hm2,同时影响产量大小的因素顺序为:高钾复合肥腐熟干粪种植密度。     

查全率和查准率的农业数据库

数据库要做到对分类数据的查全率、查准率,除了SQL数据的查询外,必须对数据库数据进行分类数据分类。数据库数据按照一定的分类法则进行分类是达到数据库按分类查全率,查准率的要求。数据库数据的SQL数据查询,可以按照SQL法则查询数据库的数据。但是要做到对数据库数据的查全率和查准率,必须对数据库的数据按照一定的分类法则进行分类。     

Characterization of Aerococcus viridans isolated from milk samples from cows with mastitis and manure samples

Thirty-eight Aerococcus viridans isolates were obtained from milk from 478 cows with clinical mastitis in a farm during the periods between November 2011 and February 2012, and between December 2012 and March 2013. Additional isolates were obtained from processed manure (a mixture of composted manure, straw and hydrated lime) and bedding materials. The processed manure was later used to cover the floor of the stalls in barns as bedding materials. The temperatures recorded in the composted and processed manure were not as high as those generally observed during satisfactory composting. To reveal the association of A. viridans in manure-related products with intramammary infection in cows, isolates were characterized by their DNA fragment patterns as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Isolates obtained from milk, processed manure and bedding materials had identical DNA fragment patterns. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined for 29 isolates from milk, processed manure and bedding materials. Of these, 26 (89.7%) were resistant to clindamycin, whereas virtually all the isolates were susceptible to 12 other antimicrobials including cefalosporins that have been used to treat bovine mastitis in Japan. In vitro, three A. viridans isolates from milk and an isolate from processed manure survived for 3 hr in Good’s buffer (pH 9) at high temperature (50°C). The results suggest that the processed manure and bedding materials in this farm were possible sources of A. viridans that caused infection in the cows with mastitis.     

基于UPLC-MS/MS同时测定猪粪便中5种兽药残留量的研究

为了建立同时测定猪粪便中二甲氧苄啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、恩诺沙星、金霉素、泰乐菌素5种兽药残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,样品经McIllvaineNa_2EDTA缓冲溶液提取,C18粉吸附杂质,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩富集后用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液复溶,过滤上机,基质液外标法定量。结果显示,5种兽药在10~500μg/kg的质量浓度范围内线性良好,在添加浓度50~500μg/kg,平均回收率为53%~85%,RSD为1.87%~18.81%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,能快速、准确测定猪粪便中5种兽药残留,为养殖环节实时监测兽药使用情况提供了技术支持。     

无荷悬索计算精度与悬空条件的研究

通过对无荷悬索的受力分析,运用抛物线理论的假设条件和曲线方程,推导出无荷悬索设计、架设和安装时的主要参数计算公式,进而计算分析满足无荷悬索的悬空条件时的水平张力系数λ_0的取值大小。     

全站仪测算伐区设计蓄积的原理及其应用

对全站仪测树原理进行了研究分析,应用全站仪与PC-E500袖珍计算机或PDA连接,可自动测算伐区或样地内每一株立木的树高、胸径或树干任意高度处直径,进而可自动而精准地计算出单木材积和伐区立木蓄积.理论上,树高的量测精度可达1/1 400.直径的量测精度可达1/200.实测结果表明:全站仪重复测量数据比较稳定,直径的量测误差在毫米级以内,树高的量测误差控制在厘米级,材积测定精度可优于1%,均高于测树的需要精度.全站仪测树技术实现了实时、快速、精准测定立木材积,不用材积表推求蓄积量,克服了传统测树方法的缺陷,其实测数据可作为伐区设计立木蓄积的测算依据.